Wales, identity and cultural modernization

During the course of this article I explore the concept of cultural modernization and identity as it relates to Wales. Culture has become central to policy and rhetoric associated with regeneration and renewal. Through the case example of the visual arts I argue that the process of cultural modernization is characterized by two principal tensions. The article outlines some of the characteristics of these tensions and considers the possibilities of overcoming these tensions in the future. The article argues that the shape and character of cultural modernization is crucial to forging and forming cultural identity and provides the 'raw materials' for the emerging cultural dimensions of citizenship in post-devolution Wales. The article concludes by arguing that 'publics' are key to promoting a form of cultural modernization and identity that is not only regenerative but also, in the last analysis, emancipatory and inclusive