Embodied energy and operational energy: Case studies comparing different urban layouts

While significant progress has been made in reducing Operational Energy; Embodied Energy has been largely ignored. However, these topics are strongly linked and should be considered as a “Balance Equation”, where all factors must be carefully measured in order to avoid the excesses of both. A comparative study of urban layout and form utilising VIRVIL plugins (in Sketchup) with HTB2 (Heat Transfer in Buildings) indicates that urban layout have an impact on the Operational and Embodied Energy of buildings. The case studies analysed in this paper suggest that there is an advantage of Mid-rise type of buildings in terms of Operational Energy, however the Embodied Energy scenarios are less clear and seem to depend more on the use of the building