Synchronous generator control: from the traditional perspective to the ICAD framework

Automatic voltage regulators and turbine-governors are standard control features in gridconnected synchronous generators. In this paper their performance is evaluated using Individual Channel Analysis and Design. The great benefits of this approach in control system design tasks are elucidated and contrasted to those provided by block diagram representations. Several models of synchronous generators are critically assessed, with reference to a one-machine infinite bus system, and recommendations are made for use in small-signal stability studies. Moreover, careful analysis of the multivariable structure function helps to explain, formally, why some operating conditions of the control system are more critical than others. Two kinds of studies are considered in the paper: one assesses operation under various power factor conditions and the other under a varying tie-line reactance. The performance of conventional controllers is compared with a proposed controller arising from the analysis of the plant dynamical structure