Disfluency patterns in the language production system

Within the language system, several of the language production levels may be involved in the production of disfluencies. Here, we conducted network task experiments to tackle disfluencies occurring during lexical selection, grammatical selection, and conceptual formulation. We showed that each difficulty induced a different pattern of disfluency. Additionally, multivariate pattern analyses demonstrated that difficulty is predictable from disfluency data patterns