Design of PID Controller for Automatic Voltage Regulator System through Kidney-inspired Algorithm

This study presents a new design method for determining the best proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller parameters (Kp, Ki and Kd) of an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) system using kidney-inspired algorithm (KA) for the first time. KA technique has high quality solution ability, good computational efficiency and fast convergence characteristics. The design problem of the proposed PID controller is defined as an optimization problem and KA technique is utilized to find the controller gains of Kp, Ki and Kd. The superiority of the optimized PID controller with KA technique over Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) classical tuning method and some modern heuristic optimization algorithms based controllers is inspected via transient response analysis to achieve an efficient AVR system. To evaluate the stability of the related power system tuned by KA technique, pole/zero map analysis and Bode plot are performed. Afterwards, robustness analysis is also carried out to check the performance of the proposed controller in the AVR system. The numerical simulation results verify that KA technique has an excellent tuning capability and is more efficient in improving the step response of the AVR system than the other existing methods