Anty-microbial, and anty-biofilm-forming properties of Origanum vulgare L. essential oils on Staphylococcus aureus and its antioxidant action

Essential oils (EOs) have been widely used in folk and traditional medicine, cooking, cosmetology and other sectors of the economy. The antimicrobial properties of essential oils determine the relevance of the study of their effectiveness against antibiotic-resistant biofuel clinical isolates. Our research was aimed to determine the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of essential oil of Origanum vulgare L. on clinical isolates of bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus and its antioxidant effect. The raw materials of Origanum vulgare L. for large-scale essential oil isolation were donated by established growers in Slovakia (Agrokarpaty, Ltd.). EOs were obtained by the large-scale distillation apparatus specifically designed for the aromatic and medicinal plants. Calendula Co., in Nova Lubovna, Slovakia. The analysis of EOs was carried out using a gas chromatograph Varian 3090. Antimicrobial activity of EOs was determined using well agar diffusion method. Quantification of biofilm formation was carried out using a microtiter plate assay and the spectrophotometric method. Biofilm formation was quantified by measuring optical density at 550 nm. Biochemical analysis of O. vulgare essential oil showed a high content of carvacrol and thymol (72%). All strains of Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to this essential oil. At the same time, the lowest indicators of growth retardation zones were characteristic of S. aureus MRSA clinic biofilm creation. We have determined the antibio­film effect of O. vulgare essential oil on S. aureus isolates. The study showed the degradation of the biofilm under the influence of essential oil decreased with decreasing concentration. At the same time, even with the action of essential oil, the concentration of 0.01% showed a 42% decrease in the process of biofilm formation. At the highest concentration of 0.10%, a destruction of the biofilm by 78% was found. The study of the influence of essential oils on the formed biofilm showed that 0.1% solution of oil causes degradation of the biofilm by 73.2%; 0.05% – by 58% and 0.01% – by 51.5%. O. vulgare essential oil also showed high antioxidant properties. The neutralization rate of free radicals was 83%. The revealed antimicrobial properties of O. vulgare essential oil make it promising to be used as an antistatic agent, including as a component that contributes to the disintegration of biofilm in the treatment of boils, carbuncles, panari­tiums, phlegmon, wound suppuration, inhalation for respiratory diseases, as a component of rinses in inflammatory periodontal diseases