MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMIC SIGNS OF LEAVES OF SOME SPECIES OF MEADOWSWEET

Rosaceae plants are widely used in medical practice. Many species of this family, including representatives of the genus Meadowsweet, are used in folk medicine. Little-known representatives of the genus are the Meadowsweet kamtschatica - Filipendula kamtschatica (Pall.) Maxim. and the Meadowsweet palmata - Filipendula palmata (Pall.) Maxim. Filipendula kamtschatica has a Pacific type of range, is endemic to the Russian Far East. Filipendula palmata is widely distributed in Eastern Siberia and the Far East. Both species are easily cultivated. In the aerial parts of plants contain various groups of biologically active substances: compounds of polyphenolic nature (tannins, flavonoids, phenolic acids); essential oils, triterpene compounds, vitamins, amino acids, polysaccharides. Filipendula palmata use in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, diaphoretic, diuretic, anthelmintic, astringent and restorative means, in the treatment of rheumatism, arterial hypertension, nervous disorders, upper respiratory tract and epilepsy. Filipendula kamtschatica has hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, analgetic, astringent, diuretic and antiscorbutic effects. Data on the morphological and anatomical study of the leaves of these species of the meadowsweet are absent in the literature. The purpose of this work is to develop criteria for the authenticity of the leaves of the Meadowsweet palmate and Meadowsweet kamchatika such as morphological and anatomical signs. The objects of the study were dried leaves of Filipendula kamchatika harvested in St. Petersburg and Leningrad region from cultivated plants in 2011-2012, and leaves of a Filipendula palmata collected in 2014 in the Republic of Buryatia. The appearance of the leaves was studied using a binocular magnifier; their anatomical structure was determined by preparing temporary preparations using a microscope «Micromed-1 VAR 1-20». The main macroscopic signs of the leaves of the two species of the Filipendula have been determined. In surface preparations, the epidermis of the upper side of the leaves of the Meadowsweet kamchatika and the Meadowsweet palmate morphologically differs from the epidermis of the lower side. The upper epidermis consists of polygonal cells with straight walls, in the Filipendula kamchatika places with a clear-shaped thickening. The epidermis of the lower side consists of cells with winding side walls. Stomata anamazing type. The general anatomical signs of the leaves are simple, thick-walled unicellular hairs with an expanded base and druses of calcium oxalate crystals in the mesophyll. For the leaves of Filipendula camtschatica are characterized by thin-walled capitate hairs, with 1-2-cell oval head on 2-3-(6)-cell stem. In the leaves of Filipendula palmata there are thin-walled unicellular hairs of different lengths, secretory cells, idioblasts with yellow-brown content were found in the mesophyll of the leaf