The productivity and resistance to unfavorable environmental factors of the facultative barley varieties sown in the autumn and spring

The current paper has presented the study results of the facultative barley varieties of the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in the conditions of the Republic of Crimea. The study was carried out in 2017-2019 on the experimental plots of the department of introduction and technologies in field cultivation and animal husbandryof the FSBSI Research Institute of Agriculture of the Crimea, located in the village of Klepinino of Krasnogvardeisky district, in the central steppe zone of the peninsula. There has been studied the productivity of six facultative varieties (developed in the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”) in comparison with the variety ‘Dostoyny' (developed in the Breeding and Genetic Institute of the National Center for Seed and Variety Study of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Ukraine). The varieties were sown in the autumn and spring, at the optimum sowing time for winter grain crops. The trials were conducted with the grain crops sown in weedfree fallow and after sunflower. The spring barley variety ‘Strannik' (the Prikumskaya Experimental Breeding Station) was used as a control variety for spring sowing. When sowing in the autumn in weedfree fallow, the varieties ‘Foks 1' and ‘Master' were at the level of the standard variety with the productivity of 6.37 and 6.32 t/ha, respectively. When sowing in the spring, the early ripening varieties ‘Master' (2.92 t/ha), ‘Tigr' (2.88 t/ha) and ‘Foks 1' (2.70 t/ha) were the best ones, which in 2018 and 2019 significantly exceeded the standard variety ‘Dostoyny'. In 2018 the varieties ‘Vivat' and ‘Tigr' formed the productivity at the level of the standard variety when sown after sunflower in the autumn. In 2019 the best yields were produced by the variety ‘Timofey' with 3.62 t/ha (+0.17 t/ha to the standard value) and ‘Master' (+0.10 t/ha). Under more favorable conditions of 2019, when sowing in the spring the facultative varieties ‘Foks 1' and ‘Master' produced 1.89 t/ha, significantly exceeding the standard variety ‘Dostoyny' on 0.64 t/ha each. When sown after sunflower the varieties ‘Master' produced on average 1.2 t/ha (+0.32 t / ha to the standard value) and ‘Foks 1' (+0.15 t/ha)