Variations in branching patterns of internal iliac artery according to Adachi's classification - Literature review and presentation of a case

Background: Internal iliac artery begins at the bifurcation of the common iliac artery and divides into anterior and posterior trunks. Comprehension of the location and anatomical variations of this vessel is essential in performing safe pelvic procedures without operative complications. The aim of our study is to analyze the variations of internal iliac artery and its relationship with important anatomical structures. Methods: We have performed a dissection of male pelvis to analyze the anterior and posterior branching patterns of internal iliac artery. In order to identify eligible articles for our review, an extensive search through major electronic databases was accomplished. Results: During dissection the branching patterns of anterior and posterior division of internal iliac artery were identified. Anterior division gives off lateral sacral artery, inferior gluteal artery and middle rectal artery. Umbilical artery arises from internal iliac artery and gives off superior vesical arteries. Superior gluteal artery arises from the posterior trunk. According to Adachi's classification of internal iliac artery, results demonstrate that type I occurs in 54,2% and is the most frequent in humans. Conclusions: Analysis of collaborated classification of anatomical variants of the internal iliac artery with cadaveric dissection and proper recognition of structures within pelvis provides better widening of knowledge about spatial relationships between anatomical structures, especially blood vessels and urogenital organs. More precise knowledge of the anatomical variations of internal iliac artery can definitely reduce the risk of surgical complications to provide safe and effective medical treatment