Cervidins A-D: Novel Glycine Conjugated Fatty Acids from the Tarsal Gland of Male Whitetail Deer, Odocoileus virginianus

Sexually mature male deer are known to rub-urinate, a process where urine is deposited on the tarsal gland. The resulting mixture of compounds from urine and secretions from the tarsal gland are used to signal sex, age, maturation status, and other information at close distance. We examined the difference in metabolites of tarsal gland extracts from male and female whitetail deer, Odocoileus virginianus, harvested during the mating season. Using NMR spectroscopy and high-pressure liquid chromatography linked to high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC/HR-MS) we identified a homologous series of four male-specific compounds. The compounds are novel glycine conjugates of 10-hydroxy-6,9-oxido fatty acids, which we term cervidins A-D. Cervidins were deemed to possess the absolute configuration 6S,9R,10R through comparison of their spectroscopic data with those of known compounds. In addition, cholesterol 3-sulfate and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid were found to be present in the extracts. Our results clearly demonstrate the diversity of potential semiochemicals contained in the mammalian integument