Investigation of factors affecting thermal performance in a coal - fired boiler and determination of thermal losses by energy balance method

In this study, a coal-fired industrial type boiler's performance and emission tests were performed using the energy balance method. During the experiments, the directives in the test standard (ASME PTC - 4) were followed. This tested boiler has a capacity of 75 t/h and is used in the mining industry. This boiler is a steam drum boiler equipped with an atmospheric circulating fluidized bed furnace. The furnace chamber with a rectangular cross-section has its width of 4250 mm and a depth of 4100 mm. In order to minimize the height of the furnace chamber and whole boiler, the middle wing walls are built-in the furnace chamber. As a result of the performance test, the boiler efficiency (indirect method) was found to be 93.07% (base on the lower heating value of fuel). According to the indirect method, the first three significant losses in total boiler losses were, respectively; the conversion of H2 in the fuel to water after combustion by 4.036%, the loss of dry flue gas by 3.231%, and the proportion of unburned carbon in residual products at the end of combustion with 1.653%. Due to the fluidized bed boiler's structural characteristics, it was also shown in the test results that emissions were suppressed in the combustion chamber, which was kept in the temperature range of 850–950 °C