Renal nephroblastoma in adult dog

Nephroblastoma is a neoplasia originating from the poor differentiation of the metanephrogenic blastema, therefore neoplasia of embryonic origin. It is commonly reported in dogs less than two years old and is rare in adults. Clinical signs include hematuria, polyuria and palpable abdominal mass. Surgery is elective therapy. Chemotherapy depend on the stage of the disease. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of nephroblastoma in a mixed-breed, six-year-old male canine with a stage I nephroblastoma (according to human staging for Wilm's tumor). The patient performed clinically well and without changes in the staging exams (thorax radiographs). The initial complete blood count indicated only lymphopenia and biochemical profile without alterations. Abdominal ultrasound showed vascularized formation with no defined limits, cystic, with probable origin in left kidney, dislocating liver and spleen. The recommended treatment was total nephrectomy. Kidney size was about 25.0 cm in diameter, with irregular surface. Numerous cysts were present and were covered by a capsule with brownish-coloured liquid and without adhering to adjacent structures. The nephroblastoma diagnosis was obtained by histopathological exam. No adjuvant chemotherapy treatment was carried out. The patient presented a survival of 33 months