Supersymmetry breaking in open strings and M-theory

We study supersymmetry breaking by Scherk-Schwarz compactifications (1979) in type I' string theory. While in the gravitational sector all mass splittings are proportional to a (large) compactification radius, supersymmetry remains unbroken for the massless excitations of D-branes orthogonal to the large dimension. In this sector, supersymmetry breaking can then be mediated by gravitational interactions, that are suppressed by powers of the Planck mass. The mechanism is non perturbative from the heterotic viewpoint and requires a compactification radius at intermediate energies of order 10/sup 12/-10/sup 14/ GeV. This can also explain the value of Newton's constant if the string scale is close to the unification scale, of order 10/sup 16/ GeV. (10 refs)