A Study of John Dewey's Educational Thought.

[[abstract]]杜威 (John Dewey, 1859-1952) 是美國教育思想家，主張教育應以民為本， 積極地推動美國的教育改革。 杜威亦是美國進步教育思想的實用主義倡導者，認為教育是要靠「自己的智 慧」和「外在經驗」的交相作用，不斷地重建、改變和進步，來達到改造環境的 效果。杜威認為國家應倡導教育，才有優秀的國民。 杜威藉著生長的觀念，來解釋教育。兒童是中心，教育專為兒童而存在。教 育在啟發兒童，使兒童能夠有能力來解決困難問題，俾便能適應新的環境。杜威 的教育重「行」。經驗是許多活動不斷地交互作用的結果。因此杜威重視行以致 知，學得經驗的教育。 杜威認為教育、生活和適應是相輔相成的。尤其適應是創造、選擇、變化的 產物，以期對眼前所遇到的問題做最有效的方式處理。教育是過去的延續，現在 與將來的起點，密不可分，是有連續性的。教育的經驗，是要經過不斷地培養與 改造，方能奏功的。 There is a strong tendency toward the idea of social standard in John Dewey's educational thought. He considers that the characteristics of society are communicated by education, and that the progress of society is based on education. This symbolizes the social function of school education. As a result John Dewey indicates that education has an effect upon instruction in society. As for the educational purpose of spreading social culture and heritage, John Dewey's idea of education met with severe criticism. I try to survey John Dewey's educational thought from the viewpoint of social standard, and to judge and analyze whether the comments finding fault with John Dewey's educational thought are reasonable or not. Through the discourse in this treatise we may come to realize that the educational concept of social standard forms an essential part of John Dewey's educational theories