Effects of rye green manure application in soil physical and chemical characteristics in maragheh dryland condition zone

In order to study of green manure application effects on soil physical and chemical characteristics in dryland condition, this project was carried out with 4 rye green manure treatments along with nitrogen factors included; 0, 26, 103 and 337 kg N.ha-1 from urea fertilizer plus check (without green manure) treatment in 3 rotation system (green manure-wheat) in RCBD desigin with 4 blocks at 1999-2007 in Maragheh Dryland Research Station. Results showed that, althrough treatment effects on dryland wheat grain yield was not significant, but maximum grain yield with 2484 kg.ha-1 obtained from application of rye green manure along with 26 kg N.ha- 1. This grain yield was 442 kg.ha-1 (22 percentage) more than check (without green manure) treatment. Application of green manure without nitrogen factors increased soil pH, T.N.V.% and E.C (dS.m-1), but decreased O.C%, P (av.), Fe (av.), Cu (av.), Mn (av.), Zn (av.), saturation% and sand% in soil. With application of nitrogen factors along with green manure increased saturation%, clay%, E.C (dS.m-1) in soil, but decreased O.C%, P (av.), Cu (av.), Mn (av.), Zn (av.) sand% in soil. Soil moisture decreased 8% in green manure application treatment without nitrogen applicalion in 0-20 cm depth, but with nitrogen application along with rye green manure, soil moisture increased 6% compare to check. It can be concluded that, green manure application is useful in long term along with nitrogen fertilizer application. Green manure application in addition to increasing of soil moisture content, increase dryland wheat grain yield. Green manure application changes soil characteristics for example, increasing of soil T.N.V%. This problem is decreased of availability of some essential nutrient for dryland wheat, therefore in this condition dryland wheat fertilizer requirments must estimate via soil testing