Unwilling U-U bonding in U-2@C-80: cage-driven metal-metal bonds in di-uranium fullerenes

Endohedral actinide fullerenes are rare and a little is known about their molecular properties. Here we characterize the U2@C80 system, which was recently detected experimentally by means of mass spectrometry (Akiyama et al., JACS, 2001, 123, 181). Theoretical calculations predict a stable endohedral system, 7U2@C80, derived from the C80:7 IPR fullerene cage, with six unpaired electrons. Bonding analysis reveals a double ferromagnetic (one-electron-two-center) U-U bond at an rU-U distance of 3.9 Å. This bonding is realized mainly via U(5f) orbitals. The U-U interaction inside the cage is estimated to be about -18 kcal mol-1. U-U bonding is further studied along the U2@Cn (n = 60, 70, 80, 84, 90) series and the U-U bonds are also identified in U2@C70 and U2@C84 systems at rU-U ∼ 4 Å. It is found that the character of U-U bonding depends on the U-U distance, which is dictated by the cage type. A concept of unwilling metal-metal bonding is suggested: uranium atoms are strongly bound to the cage and carry a positive charge. Pushing the U(5f) electron density into the U-U bonding region reduces electrostatic repulsion between enclosed atoms, thus forcing U-U bonds. This journal is © the Owner Societies 2015.Czech Science Foundation [14-03564S]; Czech Academy of Sciences [RVO-61388963]; SoMoPro II program; People Program (Marie Curie action) of the Seventh Framework Program of EU [291782]; South-Moravian Region; European Regional Development Fund [CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0068