Effect of smoking on blood pressure and resting heart rate: A Mendelian randomization meta-analysis in the CARTA Consortium
- Linneberg, A.
- Jacobsen, R.K.
- Skaaby, T.
- Taylor, A.E.
- Fluharty, M.E.
- Jeppesen, J.L.
- Björngaard, J.H.
- Asvold, B.A.
- Gabrielsen, M.E.
- Campbell, A.
- Marioni, R.E.
- Kumari, M.
- Marques-Vidal, P.
- Kaakinen, M.
- Cavadino, A.
- Postmus, I.
- Ahluwalia, T.V.S.
- Wannamethee, S.G.
- Lahti, J.
- Raikkonen, K.
- Palotie, A.
- Wong, A.
- Dalgard, C.
- Ford, I.
- Ben-Shlomo, Y.
- Christiansen, L.
- Kyvik, K.O.
- Kuh, D.
- Eriksson, J.G.
- Whincup, P.H.
- Mbarek, H.
- Geus, E.J.C. de
- Vink, J.M.
- Boomsma, D.I.
- Smith, G.D.
- Lawlor, D.A.
- Kisialiou, A.
- McConnachie, A.
- Padmanabhan, S.
- Jukema, J.W.
- Power, C.
- Hypponen, E.
- Preisig, M.
- Waeber, G.
- Vollenweider, P.
- Korhonen, T.
- Laatikainen, T.
- Salomaa, V.
- Kaprio, J.
- Kivimäki, M.
- Smith, B.H.
- Hayward, C.
- Sorensen, T.I.A.
- Thuesen, B.H.
- Sattar, N.
- Morris, R.W.
- Romundstad, P.R.
- Munafò, M.R.
- Jarvelin, M.R.
- Husemoen, L.L.N.
DOIAbstract
Item does not contain fulltextBackground; Smoking is an important cardiovascular disease risk factor, but the mechanisms linking smoking to blood pressure are poorly understood.Methods and Results: Data on 141 317 participants (62 666 never, 40 669 former, 37 982 current smokers) from 23 population-based studies were included in observational and Mendelian randomization meta-analyses of the associations of smoking status and smoking heaviness with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, hypertension, and resting heart rate. For the Mendelian randomization analyses, a genetic variant rs16969968/rs1051730 was used as a proxy for smoking heaviness in current smokers. In observational analyses, current as compared with never smoking was associat...
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