Summary There is disagreement about whether agricultural reform is a priority for south Africa, the authors argue that apartheid policies, which discriminated against labour?intensive, especially small?scale farming, led to premature ‘deagriculturization’ in South Africa. The reversal of these policies, and the shift of state support from the large?scale, capital intensive ‘White’ farms to the suppressed and under?capitalized ‘Black’ smallholders could produce gains in both efficiency and equity. They also discuss some of the requirements for agricultural reform, including recognition of the advantages of small?scale and part?time farming; the redistribution of land rights to Blacks and the need to restructure South Africa's highly interv...