Optimization of ring burden in sub-level caving

Sub-level caving mining-system design involves the optimization of a wide range of variables. Mathematical descriptions of the relationships between these variables requires a knowledge of the flow characteristics of ore and waste material. This paper describes the development of a mathematical model to optimize the ring burdens. The model is based on the results of studies of the flow characteristics of granular material. Comparisons between theoretical and actual results, which are briefly described, show encouraging correlations