Внесок сільськогосподарської кооперації в розвиток аграрного сектора економіки України 20-х років XX ст.: історіографія проблеми

Historiography of the 1990-s devoted to the problem of the development of the agricultural sector productivity in the economy of Ukraine in the NEP period (1921 – 1929) and the role of agricultural cooperation are analysed.The aim of the paper is the clarification of the problem of development of the productive forces of agriculture of Ukraine in the context of agricultural cooperation in the years of NEP in the historiography of the 90’s of the XX century.A characteristic feature of the historiography of the early 1990’s was the comparison of cooperative and collective forms of management and the intensification the development of the productive forces of the last one.Theory and history of the cooperative development in Ukraine of the 1920s has been attractinng researchers. Historiography of the problems of development of the productive forces in Ukrainian agriculture in this period includes dozens papers, monographs, collective editions where forms of cooperation, their place and role in the development of agriculture as a whole or its individual sectors are examined. Development and functioning of the cooperative system was also under discussion. However, the problems of historiography, its historical thematic nature has not collaborated properly. This is due to the fact that in the Soviet era scientists did not pay much attention to the history of cooperative building but were engaged in collective forms of management, which in the 1930’s became dominant in rural areas, displaced cooperation. Only from the second half of the 1980s – the beginning of the 1990s, when the administrative pressure on intellectuals was relaxed, new archive sources were opened and became available, the researchers manifested a keen interest in the issue, which was the result of their focus on features of the development of different types of cooperation. Another important reason for seeking the attention of scientists to the problems of cooperative construction was the difficult economic situation in the country. Therefore, many researchers considered cooperation to be a «panacea» for all economic problems.The key point of historiography of the early 1990s remained Lenin’s «cooperative plan» perhaps designed by the Bolsheviks’s leader on the basis of years of experience in the state building, and the comparison of different theoretical and practical concepts, including the use of creative works of famous scientists and agrarians and classics of Marxism. The research of the cooperative plan in the 1990-s was in some way a continuation of the Soviet historiographical tradition. But they were quite different, modernized approaches when the historical science gradually but irrevocably was depriving from Marx’s and Lenin’s methodology and the new methodological concepts that had been used in Western Europe for a long time were took into account.Проанализировано историографию 90-х годов XX в. посвященную проблеме развития производительности аграрного сектора экономики Украины в годы новой экономической политики (1921-1929 гг.) и вклад в это дело сельскохозяйственной кооперации. Доказано, что концептуальной основой историографии начала 1990-х годов оставался ленинский «кооперативный план», разработанный якобы вождем большевиков на основе многолетнего опыта государственного строительства, сопоставление различных теоретико-практических концепций, в том числе использо-вание творчества известных ученых-аграрников и собственно работ классиков марксизма.Проаналізовано історіографію 90-х років XX ст., присвячену проблемі розвитку продуктивності аграрного сектора економіки України в роки нової економічної політики (1921-1929 рр.) та внесок в цю справу сільськогосподарської кооперації. Доведено, що концептуальною основою історіографії початку 1990-х років залишався ленінський «кооперативний план», розроблений нібито вождем більшовиків на основі багато-річного досвіду державного будівництва, співставлення різних теоретико-практичних концепцій, в тому числі використання творчого доробку відомих вчених-аграрників та власне праць класиків марксизму