BACKGROUND: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania joined the EU in 2004 and had to increase tobacco excise rates. The aim of the paper is to explore the impact of tax policies on tobacco consumption, revenue and tobacco market in the Baltic countries. METHODS: Data on tobacco sales, tax rates, prices, smoking prevalence were taken from the EU and other databases and reports. Real (inflation and/or income adjusted) prices and tax rates were calculated. For most used indicators change over time was examined. RESULTS: Tobacco taxation policy had three similar stages in Baltic countries: 1) In 2004-2007 tax rates increased slowly and cigarettes became more affordable in years of economic boom. Tobacco consumption and smuggling out of Baltic countries w...
Purpose: The study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of three different types ...
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Adaptability and resistance of potato varieties define potato productivity, quality and efficiency o...
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At the present stage, there is a further development of the insurance market, which is associated wi...
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This qualification work consist of 123 pages, 30 pictures, 13 tables, 61 references and 2 appendixes...
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One of the objectives of Primary health center Kazakh National Medical University is strengthening a...
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Purpose: The study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of three different types ...
The article focuses on identifying factors that influenced the foreign policy of the Macedonian state...
Purpose: to develop a model of the satellite communication channel for an remotely piloted air syste...
Adaptability and resistance of potato varieties define potato productivity, quality and efficiency o...
The article deals with the dynamics of resources, factors and efficiency of agriculture for the peri...
At the present stage, there is a further development of the insurance market, which is associated wi...
This study adapt a holistic interdisciplinary framework for analysis, assessment and improvement of ...
The State Budget of Ukraine in 2021 is 159,2 billion UAH. It is 36.8 % more than in 2020, but this a...
Abstract. Screening of the breast cancer is an effective method to decrease mortalityfrom this disea...
The authors showed that one of the reasons for the yield loss is poor-quality determination of the i...
This qualification work consist of 123 pages, 30 pictures, 13 tables, 61 references and 2 appendixes...
The authors showed that it is possible to quickly collect up-to-date information on the agricultural...
Purpose. To define relevant problems and propose ways for development of production, scientific and ...
One of the objectives of Primary health center Kazakh National Medical University is strengthening a...
Prospects of Carrying Out Olympic Games in the Republic of Belarus / A. Makarov, Y. Baranaeyu: the R...
Purpose: The study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of three different types ...
The article focuses on identifying factors that influenced the foreign policy of the Macedonian state...
Purpose: to develop a model of the satellite communication channel for an remotely piloted air syste...