Frequency response with significant wind power penetration: case study of a realistic power system

Wind power penetration in power system is increasing rapidly in many countries due to its zero fuel cost and zero air pollution. Unlike the conventional synchronous generation, wind generation has different dynamic characteristics and hence influences the frequency response of a power system. This paper investigates the frequency response of a realistic power system with reasonable integration of wind power. The investigation is carried out on six different load scenarios, with three different wind power penetrations. The frequency sensitivity index and the rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) of the system are estimated. It is observed that the system may become more vulnerable in terms of frequency response as the penetration level of wind power increases. Based on different case studies, this paper also attempts to estimate the minimum synchronous generation requirement of the system after a synchronous generator trips to prevent possible under frequency load shedding (UFLS)