__Abstract__ __Introduction__: Training procedural skills in gastrointestinal endoscopy once focused on threshold numbers. However, as threshold numbers poorly reflect individual competence, the focus gradually shifts towards a more individual approach. Tools to assess and document individual learning progress are being developed and incorporated in dedicated training curricula. However, there is a lack of consensus and training guidelines differ worldwide, which reflects uncertainties on optimal set-up of a training program. __Aims__: The primary aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the currently available literature for the use of training and assessment methods in GI endoscopy. Secondly, we aimed to identify the role ...