Add to ORKG__Abstract__ Bone grafting was established in the 19th century and has become a common procedure in which bone defects are filled with bone grafts or bone graft substitutes. Bone defects that require bone grafting are encountered in approximately 10% of trauma and orthopaedic surgeries 1. A broad range of different bone grafts or bone graft substitutes have been developed during the past fifty years. All these bone grafts or bone graft substitutes have their strengths and weaknesses, confronting each surgeon with the difficult task to select the most suitable bone graft or bone graft substitute for each trauma and orthopaedic surgical procedure that requires bone grafting