Vegetationsentwicklung ehemaliger Torfabbaugebiete in Hochmooren des bayrischen Alpenvorlandes

Die Vegetationsentwicklung in zwei unterschiedlich abgetorften Mooren wird mit Hilfe der Transektmethode in Abhängigkeit von Abbauweise, Zusammensetzung und Mächtigkeit des Resttorfkörpers bzw. der Bunkerde dargestellt. Zusätzlich wurden in den verschiedenen Vegetationsstadien einige weitere Standortsparameter erhoben: Mittlerer Moorwasserstand und pH, Kalium- und Calciumgehalt des Moorwassers. Die Richtung der Vegetationsentwicklung auf Frästorfflächen ist eng korreliert mit der Zusammensetzung des Resttorfkörpers, mittlerem Moorwasserstand und Qualität (pH, Calciumgehalt) des Moorwassers, auf Handtorfstichflächen mit der Zusammensetzung der Bunkerde, mittlerem Moorwasserstand und Qualität des Moorwassers. Eine Moorregeneration i.S.v. beginnendem Torfmooswachstum konnte nur auf Teilflächen in Handtorfstichen beobachtet werden, für den gesamten Moorkomplex gilt diese Aussage nicht. Voraussetzung für ein Entstehen dieser Stadien auf Teilflächen war das Einbringen von Bunkerde und ein relativ hoher Wasserstand nach dem Abbau.Vegetation development in two differently mined peat areas is presented. Peat scratching in the wendlinger Filz was used to win peat dust as a litter for cattle or for horticultural purposes. After drainage of the mire lots, the upper rooted layer ("Bunkerde") was removed. If frozen during the next winter, it could be used for litter. After removing the "Bunkerde", peat was extracted by hand or by machines. Vegetation development after peat mining began on bare soil with the invasion of generative and vegetative propagules from outside. Peat cutting in the Wieninger Filz was used to win peat for fuel. After drainage of the mire lots, the "Bunkerde" was removed and filled in formerly mined areas. Then peat was cut by hand or by machines. Vegetation development started mainly from the potential of whole plants or generative and vegetative propagules in the "Bunkerde". Vegetation stages on formerly scratched areas are mostly dominated by "one species" stages. These species are successful either in generative (Eriophorum vaginatum, Calluna vulgaris, Drosera ssp.) or vegetative dispersal (Rhynchospora alba, Carex rostrata, Eriophorum angustifolium, Phragmites communis) or in both (Juncus effusus). The direction of vegetation development depended on the composition of the remaining peat, mean water level and minerotrophy of the water. Regeneration in the sense of beginning peat moss growth could be observed only on these lots, where water level was above ground throughout the year (here Sphagnum cuspidatum), because former drainage got out of function. Vegetation stages on formerly cut areas show a higher diversity than on scratched areas. The direction of vegetation development depended mainly on the composition of the "Bunkerde", but on mean water level and minerotrophy of the water too. Regeneration could be observed on all lots with a relatively high water level, where peat was cut "under water" or drainage ditches were dammed up or got out of function. Requirement was that the "Bunkerde" contained whole plants or generative or vegetative propagules of the corresponding species, above all peat mosses