On the strong uniqueness of highly sparse expansions from redundant dictionaries

International audienceA series of recent results shows that if a signal admits a sufficiently sparse representation (in terms of the number of nonzero coefficients) in an ``incoherent'' dictionary, this solution is unique and can be recovered as the unique solution of a linear programming problem. We generalize these results to a large class of sparsity measures which includes the ell^p-sparsity measures for 0 \le p \le 1. We give sufficient conditions on a signal such that the simple solution of a linear programming problem simultaneously solves all the non-convex (and generally hard combinatorial) problems of sparsest representation w.r.t. arbitrary admissible sparsity measures. Our results should have a practical impact on source separation methods based on sparse decompositions, since they indicate that a large class of sparse priors can be efficiently replaced with a Laplacian prior without changing the resulting solution