The need for a better integration of new Computer-Assisted-Surgical systems in the Operating Room (OR) has been recently emphasized. One necessity to achieve this objective is to retrieve data from the OR with different sensors, then to derive models from these data for creating Surgical Process Models (SPMs). Recently, the use of videos from cameras in the OR has demonstrated its efficiency for advancing the creation of situation-aware CAS systems. The purpose of this thesis was to present a new method for the automatic detection of high-level (i.e. surgical phases) and low-level surgical tasks (i.e. surgical activities) from microscope video images only. The first step consisted in the detection of high-level surgical tasks. The idea was ...