Behavioural ecology of defence in a risky environment: caterpillars versus ants in a neotropical savanna

FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQPredatory ants may reduce infestation by herbivorous insects, and slow-moving Lepidopteran larvae are often vulnerable on foliage. We investigate whether caterpillars with morphological or behavioural defences have decreased risk of falling prey to ants,425553564FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ07/59881-5, 12/23399-3, 11/18580-8, 12/23671-5, 14/23141-1306115/2013-1We thank L. Jorge, M. Pareja, I. M. Jones, P. I. Prado, M. Vidal,L. Kaminski and S. Ribeiro for comments on the manuscript. Suggestions from two anonymous referees and the Associate editor substantially improved the final version of the manuscript.G. Bie