Description of Emeryus Zacca, Mielke & Casagrande gen. nov. (lepidoptera: nymphalidae) to accommodate three species formerly placed in paryphthimoides Forster, 1964

A new genus of Euptychiina, Emeryus Zacca, Casagrande & Mielke, gen. nov., is herein described using an integrative taxonomic approach to accommodate three species previously placed in Paryphthimoides Forster, 1964: Emeryus argulus argulus (Godart, [1824]), comb. nov. (type species), Emeryus difficilis (Forster, 1964), comb. nov. and Emeryus numeria (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867), comb. nov. Additionally, a new taxon Emeryus argulus magnum Zacca, Casagrande & Mielke, ssp. nov. from Venezuela (Aragua and Bolívar) and Brazil (Roraima), is described. A neotype is designated for Satyrus argulus Godart, [1824], and lectotypes are designated for Euptychia huebneri Butler, 1867, Euptychia ambigua Butler, 1867 and Neonympha numeria C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867. Female genitalia are described and illustrated for the first time for all of the above taxa. A Maximum Likelihood analysis using combined nuclear and mitochondrial genes supports the monophyly of the new genus. No DNA sequences could be obtained for E. numeria, but its inclusion in the genus is supported by morphological evidence. The genitalic morphology of both sexes of Emeryus species is helpful in distinguishing this genus from the other Euptychiina, although the male genitalia structures are highly conserved among congeners593505523CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPES140225/2013-7; 304639/2014-10; 30208/2017-2; 563332/2010-7; 303834/2015-3não tem2017/02264-6; 2019/14735-9; 2016/15873-8; 2018/21432-0; 2011/50225-3; 2012/50260-6; 2013/50297-0We thank Gerardo Lamas (Museu de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru) for making available the photos of Neotropical butterfly type specimens figured in the Butterflies of America website and sharing data from specimens deposited at MUSM; Wouter Dekoninck and Stefan Kerkhof for information on Capronnier's types at RBINS; Robert K. Robbins (USNM), Rodolphe Rougerie (MNHN), Wolfram May (ZSMS) and Christian Brévignon (LBCB) for allowing us to access the specimens deposited in the collections under their care; Franciele L. Bettim for help with some photos of the male genitalia made at the TaxonLine-UFPR; André C. Lopes for the photos of some pinned specimens of Emeryus at ZUEC; Mario Marín, Augusto Rosa and Renato Ramos for the specimens collected in the expedition to Barcelos, and the latter two for photos and information on the habitat of E. argulus; Renato Mattei and Andrew Neild for photos and information on E. argulus in Venezuela; David Geale and Kim Garwood for sharing the photo of E. argulus in Guiana; Mario Marín for his valuable help with the phylogenetic analysis; and Marianne Espeland for sharing her phylogenomic tree of Euptychiina and sequences of some species. We are also grateful to the valuable suggestions made by the anonymous reviewers. We thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for the fellowships granted to TZ (140225/2013-7), OHHM (304639/2014-10) and MMC (30208/2017-2). TZ (2017/02264-6, 2019/14735-9) and EPB (2016/15873-8, 2018/21432-0) thank Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) for post-doc fellowships. We acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (DEB-1256742). AVLF acknowledges the Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) for providing a research permit (SISBIO no. 10802-5), the FAPESP (Biota-FAPESP grants 2011/50225-3, 2012/50260-6 and 2013/50297-0), the Brazilian CNPq (563332/2010-7 and 303834/2015-3) and United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (NAS) under the PEER program (Mapping and Conserving Butterfly Biodiversity in the Brazilian Amazon – Sponsor Grant Award Number: AID-OAA-A-11-00012). This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001. Access register at Sistema Nacional de Gestão do Patrimônio Genético e do Conhecimento Tradicional Associado (SisGen) – #A77ED0