Using Jupiter's gravitational field to probe the Jovian convective dynamo

This is the final version of the article. Available from Nature Publishing Group via the DOI in this record.Convective motion in the deep metallic hydrogen region of Jupiter is believed to generate its magnetic field, the strongest in the solar system. The amplitude, structure and depth of the convective motion are unknown. A promising way of probing the Jovian convective dynamo is to measure its effect on the external gravitational field, a task to be soon undertaken by the Juno spacecraft. We calculate the gravitational signature of non-axisymmetric convective motion in the Jovian metallic hydrogen region and show that with sufficiently accurate measurements it can reveal the nature of the deep convection.KZ is supported by Leverhulme Trust Research Project Grant RPG-2015-096 and by Macau FDCT grant 039/2013/A2. The computation made use of the high performance computing resources in the Core Facility for Advanced Research Computing at Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences