III. The Muslim System of Fortification in the Deccan Kingdoms (15th-18th century)

Introduction With the introduction of gunpowder and firearms into warfare in India profound changes took place in military architecture in the Muslim kingdoms of the Deccan between the 15th and 18th centuries. In this study we will try to show the nature of these modifications and, thus, define the defence principles adopted during this period. Our analysis is based on observations made at some of the most significant sites of the Deccan, namely Basava Kalyana, Bidar, Bijapur, Gulbarga and Mu..