Perceived cause and determinants of help-seeking behavior of schizophrenia among Gondar Zuria district residents, Northwest Ethiopia

Introduction: The cause of schizophrenia could be a genetic predisposition, environment, viral infections, exposure to poison substances, living in a highly-populated area, and prenatal exposure to hunger mainly in the first three months. Evidence showed that the perceived cause of schizophrenia is supernatural, biological, spiritual, and social causes. Studies in Ethiopia showed that most of the general population perceived the causes of schizophrenia as traditional and the help they seek ranges to medical, religious, and social. Objective: This study aimed to assess perceived cause and determinants of help-seeking behavior of schizophrenia among Gondar Zuria district residents, 2020 Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 3 to 25, 2020. A simple random sampling technique was employed to select 435 study participants. Data were collected through a face-to-face interview, entered into EPI DATA version 3, and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors significantly associated with help-seeking behavior for schizophrenia. Statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05 with 95% confidence interval. Results: Nearly two-thirds (63.8%), the majority (90.8%), and more than half (52.5%) of the participants seek medical, religious, and social help for schizophrenia respectively. Being student (AOR = 3.43; 95% CI: 1.44, 8.15), unemployed (AOR = 4.87; 95% CI: 1.4, 16.40), perceived biological cause (AOR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.89), perceived religious cause (AOR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.80), and perceived social cause (AOR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.29, 3.25) were significantly associated with medical help seeking. Attending primary school (AOR = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.76), employed (AOR = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.64), perceived religious cause (AOR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.06, 5.11) were significantly associated with religious help. Being in the age group of 18–24 years (AOR = 3.5; 95% CI: 1.33, 9.18) and 25–44 years (AOR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.68) were significantly associated with social intervention. Conclusion: Nearly two-thirds, the majority, and more than half of the respondents seek medical, religious, and social help for schizophrenia respectively. Being student, unemployed, perceived biological case, and perceived social cause increases the odds of seeking medical help while perceived religious cause decreases it. Being unemployed, attending primary school decreases the odds of seeking religious help whereas perceived religious cause increases it. Young adults have higher odds of social help-seeking behavior. It is better to create awareness for the community and consider integrating religious and social interventions into medical interventions