Macrospatial structure and biodiversity of bat communities (Chiroptera) of the European fauna in the forest-steppe habitat

Twelve bat species of seven genera of the family Vespertilionidae were studied in conditions of the Central Forest-steppe of Ukraine (Myotis nattereri, M. daubentonii, M. dasycnemе, Barbastella barbastellus, Plecotus auritus, Pl. аustriacus, Pipistrellus pуgmaeus, P. kuhlii, P. nathusii, Nyctalus noctula, N. leisleri, Vespertilio murinus, and Eptesicus serotinus). The data were collected during decade-long surveys (2007–2016) in the Central Forest-Steppe (Cherkasy, Kirovohrad, and Kyiv Oblasts, Ukraine) at 23 localities. The census route included 680 km walked along the surveyed territory. The species composition of different habitats was determined during faunal and indoor surveys, when a certain type of landscape changes to another, and also by comparing the species composition of communities in different types of habitats. For species diversity comparison, five types of habitats were selected: forest (W), towns and villages (A-W), wood lines and fields (F-W), wetland areas (A-W), and fores parks (W-P). The analysis of record localities of bats and the character of their biotopic distribution shows that most species prefer floodplains with trees (wetland areas (A-W) and forest parks (W-P)), where the maximum number of species was noted. Quite high diversity was also noted for settlements (T-W). Based on abundance, a noticeable decrease of the diversity index occurs during the transfer from the area of wetland types to fields and wood lines. Due to the character of differences between groups of local bat species, relative to spatial distribution of species on topical and trophic levels, the performed analyses helped us to outline four groups of species. The first group includes species united by open type habitats (N. noctula and N. leisleri). The second group comprises V. murinus, E. serotinus, P. pуgmaeus, and P. kuhlii, which are very hard to relate to a separate type of locality. The third group includes species that prefer closed habitats: M. nattereri, M. daubentonii, Pl. auritus, P. nathusii, and B. barbastellus. The fourth group comprises M. dasycnemе, a species that is relatively rare in the studied territory and is related to lakes and slow flowing water bodies