Ruthenium-Tris-Bipyridine Derivatives as a Divine Complex for Electrochemiluminescence Based Biosensor Applications

In electrochemiluminescence (ECL) studies, Tris (bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chloride (Ru(bpy)32+) and its derivatives have been used as primary luminophores since 1972. The flexible solubility in both aqueous and non-aqueous medium and the remarkable intrinsic properties like chemical, optical and desirable electrochemical behavior drives the researcher to use Ru(bpy)32+ and its derivatives as highly active ECL probes in modern analytical science. Novel surface modification of Ru(bpy)32+ based ECL platforms are highly useful in the selective and sensitive detection of biomolecules, DNA analysis, immunoassays detection, and imaging of the biologically important molecules in cells and tissue of living organisms. This chapter discusses and highlights the most significant works in Ru(bpy)32+ based ECL properties of reaction mechanisms and their applications