Influence of different soil tillage methods on germination and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.)

Za potrebe diplomskega dela, smo na Strahinjskem polju izvedli poskus, kako dopolnilna obdelava tal vpliva na kalitev, boljšo rast rastline in, kar je ključnega pomena, na količino in kakovost pridelka čebule (Allium cepa L.). Pridelovali smo čebulo sorte \u27Medusa F1\u27. V poskusu smo obravnavali dve različni obdelavi tal. Prva tla so bila obdelana z vrtavkasto brano, ki talne delce med sabo premeša. Druga obdelava tal je bila izvedena s prebiralnikom, ki talne delce razbije in jih loči tako, da delce z več kot 28 mm premera prestavi na dno grede in na vrhu ostane presejana zemlja. Preizkus smo izvedli na isti njivi, vsi agrotehnični postopki so bili enaki, razen dopolnilne obdelave. Preizkus je pokazal, da je bila pri obdelavi z vrtavkasto brano kalivost 80 %, pri prebiralniku pa 96 %, kar pomeni, da je bila kalivost slabša za 16 %. Pri vrtavkasti brani je bilo talnih delcev, ki vplivajo na kalitev in rast, večjih od 30 mm, 9,4 %. Pri prebiralniku talnih delcev nad 30 mm ni bilo. Premer talnih delcev pri vrtavkasti brani je bil 15 mm, pri obdelavi s prebiralnikom pa 7,7 mm. To pomeni, da je prebiralnik skoraj 2-krat bolj intenzivno deloval na velikost talnih delcev. Zaradi tega je bila kalivost pri prebiralniku boljša za 16 %. Največja razlika se je pokazala pri pridelku, saj smo pri obdelavi s prebiralnikom pridelali 67,2 t/ha, pri vrtavkasti brani pa 57,5 t/ha. Razlika v pridelku med dopolnilnima načinoma obdelave tal je bila 9,6 t/ha. Ovrednotili smo tudi velikostne razrede čebulic, ki so primernejši za prodajo. Pri vrtavkasti brani smo dobili 51,3 t/ha prodajne čebule, pri prebiralniku pa 63,4 t/ha. Zaključimo lahko, da smo pri obdelavi tal z vrtavkasto brano pridelali 12 t/ha manj tržno primerne čebule.For the needs of the bachelor thesis, we have conducted an experiment on the fields of Strahinj. We have tested how supplementary cultivation of land affects germination, plant growth and, crucially, larger and better yield of onions (Alium cepa L.). We have grown onions of the seeds of Medusa F1 species. During the experiment we have been examining two different types of land cultivation. The first bed was cultivated with the rotary harrow that mixes the soil particles between each other. The tillage in the second bed was carried out with the stone separator, which breaks up the soil particles and separates them. Particles with more than 28 mm of diameter are separated to the bottom of the bed and only sifted soil stays on top. The experiment was conducted on the same field with all agrotechnical procedures being the same, except of the supplementary cultivation. The test has shown that the germination rate was 80% after the rotary harrow cultivation, while it turned 96% on the previously Tillerstar. It means the germination rate was 16% lower in the first case. It turned out that after the rotary harrow cultivation, there were still 9.4% of soil particles with more than 30 mm of diameter, which have an impact on germination and growth. On the other hand, there were no soil particles with more than 30 mm of diameter in the bed of Tillerstar. On average there were soil particles with 15 mm of diameter in the first bed, while there were soil particles with diameter of 7.7 mm in the second, Tillerstar one. It out-turned Tillerstar is having twice more effect on the soil particles. It all resulted in germination being better for 16% on the previously Tillerstar. The biggest difference has shown up with the results of harvest. In the rotary harrowed bed 57.52 t/ha have been harvested, while there were 67.15 t/ha in the Tillerstar. Therefore, the difference was 9.6 t/ha. We continued with the evaluation of the onions, which are more suitable for sale. In the first case, we obtained 51.3 t/ha onions appropriate for sale, while there were 63.4 t/ha in the second case. To sum up, in the case of rotary harrow cultivation the harvest was 12 t/ha lower compared to the case where bed was supplementary cultivated with Tillerstar. Štula