Land use changes from urban to agricultural land

V zadnjih dveh desetletjih (2002–2020) je v Sloveniji opazen trend zmanjševanja števila kmetijskih površin predvsem zaradi širjenja poselitve in s tem povezanih oskrbnih in storitvenih dejavnosti (izguba kmetijskih zemljišč: povprečno 276 ha na leto). Kmetijske površine so večfunkcionalne (glavni vir samooskrbe z lokalno pridelano hrano, zagotavljanje delovnih mest, vzdrževanje kulturne pokrajine itn.), zato bi moralo njihovo ohranjanje in varovanje postati državna prednostna naloga v procesu upravljanja s (podeželskim) prostorom. V magistrski nalogi so na podlagi prostorske in kmetijske zakonodaje predstavljeni postopki spreminjanja namenske rabe iz stavbnih v kmetijska zemljišča, kar je ravno obraten proces od prevladujočega. Prikazane so spremembe dejanske rabe po naravni poti ter poudarjene spremembe namenske rabe v upravnih postopkih. Opredeljene so vloge glavnih deležnikov pri načrtovanju prostora: odgovornih za pripravo prostorskih načrtov, občin, pristojnih državnih organov ter tistih, ki jih spremembe v prostoru še zadevajo (lokalno prebivalstvo in drugi uporabniki prostora). Na primeru državnega prostorskega načrta za del odseka avtoceste med Domžalami in Blagovico so podrobno analizirani primeri površin, kjer bi se namenska raba lahko spremenila (nazaj) v kmetijske oz. gozdne površine in bi se spremenilo lastništvo oz. upravljanje (cca 40 ha). Z metodo večkriterijskega vrednotenja je izdelan scenarij možnih sprememb v prihodnje. Racionalna raba prostora, usklajevanje namenske in dejanske rabe ter medsebojno sodelovanje deležnikov prispeva k usklajenemu prostorskemu razvoju na lokalni, regionalni in državni ravni.In the past two decades (2002–2020), there has been a declining trend in the number of agricultural areas in Slovenia, mainly due to the settlements expansion and related care and service activities (loss of agricultural land: an average of 276 ha per year). Agricultural areas are multifunctional (the main source of locally produced food and self-sufficiency, providing employment, maintaining cultural landscape, etc.), so their preservation and protection should become a national priority in the process of (rural) land management. In the master’s thesis, the procedures of land use changes from urban to agricultural land are presented (which is the reverse process compared to the prevailing one), based on the spatial and agricultural legislation. Different kinds of land use changes in practice are shown, as well as land use changes in administrative procedures. The roles of the main stakeholders in spatial planning are defined: those who are responsible for the preparation of spatial plans, municipalities, competent state institutions and all those, that are also affected by land changes (local population and other land users). A case study of the National spatial plan for the part of the motorway section between Domžale and Blagovica was analyzed and the examples of areas where the land use could change to agricultural or forestry land and ownership and management could change (approximately 40 ha), were presented. With the method of multi-criteria evaluation, a scenario of possible land use changes in the future is made. Rational use of space, balance of intended and actual use and cooperation of stakeholders contributes to coordinated spatial development at the local, regional and national levels