Syntactic and semantic characteristics of the verb BITI in Slovenian and Russian languages

Magistrsko delo obravnava vprašanje glagola biti v slovenščini ter glagola быть v ruščini, njunih skladenjskih in pomenskih zmožnosti. Glagol je v obeh jezikih večpomenski in ima tri glavne vlogenastopa lahko kot polnopomenski glagol, v vlogi slovnične vezi ali kot sestavina zložene glagolske oblike, vse to pa prispeva k njegovi razširjenosti v slovenščini in ruščini. Magistrsko delo predstavi pomenski opis glagolov biti in быть na osnovi Slovarja slovenskega knjižnega jezika in Aktivnega slovarja ruskega jezika, pri tem prikaže razporeditev pomenov v obeh slovarjih in ponudi primerjalni pregled med jezikoma. Opozori na skladenjsko-pomenski preplet med glagoloma biti in imeti, predvsem na primeru prevajanja nekaterih konstrukcij iz ruščine v slovenščino, npr. У кого (есть) что, ki izražajo svojilnost in se v slovenščino prevajajo z glagolom imeti. Pri obravnavi glagolov biti, быть v vlogi slovnične vezi delo poskuša osvetliti vprašanje ničte vezi v ruščini, ta se pojavlja v povednem naklonu sedanjika, v drugih časih in naklonih pa jo zamenjuje izražena oblika glagola быть. Analiza primerov iz romana Pomladni dan in njegovega prevoda v ruščino izkazuje ujemanje oz. neujemanje med rabo glagola biti v izvirnih konstrukcijah ter njihovimi prevodi v ruščino. V slovenskih strokovnih besedilih je glagol biti pogosto rabljen, največkrat v vlogi vezi.This Master\u27s Thesis explores the verb biti in Slovenian and the verb быть in Russian language and their syntactic and semantic characteristics. In both languages, the verb is multidimensional, exercising three cardinal functions: it can act as a full verb, as a grammatical conjunction, or as a component of a compound form. All these functions contribute to the verb\u27s profusion in Slovenian and Russian languages. The Thesis presents semantic description of the verbs biti and быть according to Slovar slovenskega knjižnega jezika (Dictionary of Standard Slovenian Language) and Active Dictionary of Russian (ADR). In addition, it demonstrates semantic distribution in both dictionaries and provides a comparative review of both languages. This Thesis also flags the syntactic-semantic intertwining of the verbs biti and imeti, focusing on the example of translating specific linguistic constructions from Russian into Slovenian language, for instance, У кого (есть) что, which express possessiveness and are translated into Slovenian using the verb imeti. In consideration of verbs biti, быть serving as grammatical conjunctions, the research attempts to reveal the issue of zero copula in Russian. Whereas the latter appears in the indicative mood in present tense, it is replaced by the expressed form of the verb быть in other tenses and moods. The analysis of the examples from the novel Pomladni dan by Ciril Kosmač and its translation in Russian manifests the correspondence or non-correspondence between the verbs biti in original linguistic constructions and their translations in Russian. In Slovenian professional literature, the verb biti is in common usage, predominantly as a conjunction