An Improved Energy-Aware Routing Protocol Using Multiobjective Particular Swarm Optimization Algorithm

The energy of sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks is limited, which is one of the most important challenges due to the lack of a fixed power supply. Because data transmission consumes the most energy of nodes, a node that transmits more packets runs out of energy faster than the others. When the energy of a node comes to the end of a network, the process of network operation may be disrupted. In this case, critical information in the network with the desired quality may not reach the hole and eventually the base stations. Therefore, considering the dynamic topology and distributed nature of wireless sensor networks, designing energy-efficient routing protocols is the main challenge. In this paper, an energy-aware routing protocol based on a multiobjective particle swarm optimization algorithm is presented. In the proposed particle swarm optimization algorithm method, the proportionality function for selecting the optimal threaded node is set based on the goals related to service quality including residual energy, link quality, end-to-end delay, and delivery rate. The simulation results show that the proposed method consumes less energy and has a longer lifespan compared with the state-of-the-art methods due to balancing the goals related to service quality criteria