Design Principles of Persuasive Systems – Review and Discussion of the Persuasive Systems Design Model

The Persuasive Systems Design (PSD) model by Oinas-Kukkonen and Harjumaa (2009) is the most referenced model for designing Behavior Change Support Systems (BCSS) and proposes 28 design principles in four categories. However, the selection of the design principles is not specified by the PSD model and design principles are used ambiguously in literature. Therefore, we investigate to what extent the design principles proposed by the PSD model reflect the current research and provide researchers and developers of BCSS with a detailed overview of the selection of design principles in persuasive systems. In our systematic literature review, we identify 42 studies with 633 applications of design principles of the PSD model; the studies name 62 additional concepts as design principles. The results indicate that the PSD model covers most aspects of design principles of BCSS, but reveal scope for extensions and specifications to enhance the development of BCSS