The aim of this thesis is to describe the execution of unconditional imprisonment in the Czech republic and to analyze the actual problems of the Czech penitentiary system. It also tries to propose convenient solutions of the main problems. The extend of this thesis is reduced to the execution of penalty, therefor other forms of detention are excluded. The unconditional imprisonment is the strictest penalty in Czech legal system and it has a major impact on the convicted human beings. That is why I tried do describe how the actual penitentiary system works and what are its weak points. This thesis also tries to compare the ideas of global modern reforms, like humanization and therapeutical concept of punishment, to the real situation of Cze...