A feeding trial investigating the effect of a concentrate diet consisting only of cereals on milk production, protein utilization and nitrogen efficiency was conducted on Swedish dairy cows. 13 SRB and 12 SH cows were randomly assigned to one of two groups: group 1 was fed a concentrate feed (Cereal), mainly consisting of barley (36%), wheat (34%), oats (25%) as well as molasses (2%) and a mineral and vitamin mix (3%), whereas group 2 had access to both Cereal and a protein rich concentrate feed (Prot) based mainly on soya bean (51%) and rapeseed cake (28%). A high quality grass silage (energy 11.4 MJ ME, CP 14.8%) was fed ad libitum, and during summer months the cows were kept on pasture, where the pasture allowance was sufficient for main...