Klasifikasi Faktor-Faktor Penghambat Dan Pendorong Adopsi Building Information Modelling (Bim) Di Indonesia

Building Information Modelling (BIM) merupakan representasi digital dari karakter fisik dan karakter fungsional dari suatu bangunan (atau obyek BIM). Karena itu, di dalamnya terkandung semua informasi mengenai elemen-elemen bangunan tersebut yang digunakan sebagai basis pengambilan keputusan dalam kurun waktu siklus umur bangunan mulai dari konsep hingga demolisi. Di Indonesia, Akhir akhir ini BIM mendapat perhatian lebih dari pelaku industri konstruksi, bahkan pemerintah Indonesia melalui dinas Pekerjaan Umum mengeluarkan panduan adopsi BIM di tahun 2018 dengan mengacu ke referensi negara maju seperti Singapura. Banyak manfaat yang dapat diperoleh dari implementasi BIM, namun tingkat adopsi BIM di Indonesia masih rendah. Mengingat banyak studi tentang faktor penghambat dan pendorong adopsi BIM, namun belum ada studi empiris dalam masalah ini pada industri konstruksi di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian dilakukan untuk mengisi kekosongan ini. Dalam studi ini, digunakan teknik survei kuesioner untuk menentukan hambatan aktual apa yang menghambat adopsi BIM dan faktor-faktor pendorong yang dapat meningkatkan laju adopsi BIM dalam industri konstruksi di Indonesia. Selain itu, analisis mean, analisis varian dan analisis faktor digunakan untuk menganalisis data yang diperoleh serta mengidentifikasi faktor penghambat dan pendorong adopsi BIM di Indonesia yang paling signifikan. Dari hasil penelitian, diperoleh faktor penghambat utama dalam adopsi BIM di Indonesia diantaranya adalah kurangnya pemahaman tentang BIM dan manfaatnya, kurangnya pengembangan kemampuan (skill) terhadap BIM dan kurangnya pendidikan dan pelatihan (training) BIM. Sedangkan faktor pendorong utama adopsi BIM di Indonesia diantaranya Persepsi Kegunaan (perceived usefulness), faktor teknologi dan kesediaan/niat (Willingness/intention). Tidak ada persepsi terkait hal ini bagi stakeholder proyek diantaranya kontraktor, konsultan dan pemilik proyek. Hasil analisis faktor didapatkan 4 kelompok faktor baru sebagai penghambat adopsi BIM diantaranya faktor individu, faktor organisasi, faktor pemerintah dan faktor vendor software BIM. Sedangkan ada 4 kelompok faktor baru sebagai pendorong adopsi BIM diantaranya faktor eksternal, faktor teknologi, faktor komunikasi dan faktor struktur organisasi. =========== Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a digital representation of the physical character and functional character of a building (or BIM object). Therefore, it contains all information about the building elements that are used as a basis for decision making in the building's lifecycle from the concept to demolition. In Indonesia, lately BIM has received more attention from construction industry players, even the Indonesian government through the Public Works agency issued a guide to BIM adoption in 2018 with reference to developed country references such as Singapore. Many benefits can be obtained from the implementation of BIM, but the level of BIM adoption in Indonesia is still low. Given the many studies of the inhibiting factors and drivers of BIM adoption, there have been no empirical studies on this issue in the construction industry in Indonesia. Therefore, research was conducted to fill this gap. In this study, questionnaire survey techniques were used to determine what actual barriers inhibit BIM adoption and the driving factors that can increase the rate of BIM adoption in the construction industry in Indonesia. In addition, the mean analysis, variance analysis and factor analysis were used to analyze the data obtained and identify the most significant inhibiting factors and drivers of BIM adoption in Indonesia. From the results of the study, it was found that the main inhibiting factors in BIM adoption in Indonesia included the lack of understanding of BIM and its benefits, lack of skills development for BIM and lack of BIM education and training. While the main driving factors for BIM adoption in Indonesia include perceived usefulness, technological factors and willingness/intention. There is no perception related to this for project stakeholders including contractors, consultants and project owners. The results of factor analysis found that 4 new factor groups as inhibitors of BIM adoption included individual factors, organizational factors, government factors and BIM software vendor factors. While there are 4 new factor groups as drivers of BIM adoption including external factors, technological factors, communication factors and organizational structure factors