The Pereira, Cardoso and Ladrón de Guevara: Three Families Specialized in the Supply of Naval Equipment in the Philip IV Kingdom

After the consolidation of the Pereira business house in Castile during the 1620s, the Ladrón de Guevara y Cardoso mercantile company inherited its businesses and became specialized in the provision of naval supplies to the Hispanic monarchy fleets. Despite trade restrictions with the United Provinces after the resumption of hostilities in 1621, and later with France in 1635, the company guaranteed the stockpiling necessary to sustain the naval power of the Habsburgs across the 1630-1640s.On account of their commercial networks, built into multiple agents and correspondents scattered in strategic points, and the connections with Sephardic capital, the Cardoso-Ladrón de Guevara carried out a diversified and large-scale investment strategy. The success of those multiple investments settled out ensure the development of the company's central business: the supply of the different naval units of the Hispanic monarchyTras la consolidación de la casa de negocios de los Pereira en Castilla durante la década de 1620, la casa de negocios de los Cardoso heredó sus negocios y se especializó en la provisión de bastimentos y pertrechos a las flotas y escuadras de la monarquía hispánica. A pesar de las restricciones mercantiles con las Provincias Unidas tras la reanudación de hostilidades en 1621, y posteriormente con Francia en 1635, la compañía que formaron con los Ladrón de Guevara garantizó el acopio de los enseres necesarios para sostener el poderío naval de los Austrias durante las décadas sucesivas de 1630 y 1640