PETROVARADIN GRENZER INFANTRY REGIMENT IN 18TH CENTURY

Nakon neuspjele opsade Beča 1683. godine započelo je novo razdoblje za Habsburšku Monarhiju koja se u ratovima idućih desetljeća značajno teritorijalno širi na prostor jugoistočne Europe. Ključno je to vrijeme bilo i za Hrvatsko Kraljevstvo jer su time konačno oslobođeni Slavonija i Srijem. Premda su bili označeni kao novostečevina i nisu odmah vraćeni nadležnosti hrvatskoga bana, staleža i Sabora, objedinjavanje hrvatskih zemalja pod habsburškom vlašću otvorilo je put prema obnovi slavonskih županija. Razgraničavanjem civilnog i vojnog prostora koje je provedeno prilikom obnove županija 1745. godine formiran je isključivo vojni teritorij uz rijeke Savu i Dunav, a koji je reorganizacijom Slavonske vojne krajine 1747. godine podijeljen na 3 pješačke krajiške pukovnije: Gradišku, Brodsku i Petrovaradinsku. S obzirom na to da su krajiške pješačke pukovnije bile vojno-taktičke i teritorijalno-upravne jedinice, imale su potpunu vlast nad svojim krajiškim područjem i njezinim stanovništvom. Petrovaradinska pukovnija ustrojena je na prostoru Srijema i obuhvaćala je njegov većinski krajiški dio, čime je bila najistočnija od ukupno 11 krajiških pješačkih pukovnija Hrvatskoslavonske vojne krajine. Zbog svoje dvojne naravi, Petrovaradinska je pukovnija u ovom radu promatrana kroz perspektive aktivnog vojnog stanja i pukovnijskoga područja kao konkretizacije vojno-taktičke i teritorijalno-administrativne dimenzije s ciljem istraživanja razvojnih obilježja i posebnosti unutar krajiškog sustava. Posebni su naglasci stavljeni na djelovanje vojnih vlasti i sustav novačenja, strukturu i obilježja krajišnika, međuodnos vojnih dužnosti i objektivnih mogućnosti, ratne pohode i učinkovitost. Brojni reformski zahvati i težnja za profesionalizacijom, poteškoće pri popunjavanju propisanog vojnog sastava, velike promjene i unutarnje razlike te ratovanje diljem Europe obilježili su 18. stoljeće Petrovaradinske pukovnije. Za potrebe istraživanja tih fenomena korištena je relevantna literatura te arhivska izvorna građa, a u kojoj se posebno ističu detaljni serijalni vojni izvori u obliku mjesečnih izvještaja, vojnih popisa i revizijskih, premještajnih, pristupnih i drugih lista. Stavljanjem jedne krajiške pješačke pukovnije u središte istraživanja nastoji se obuhvatiti cjeloviti pristup na srednjoj vojnokrajiškoj razini i dati dodatni doprinos poznavanju Slavonske vojne krajine.A new era dawned for the Habsburg Monarchy after failed Siege of Vienna in 1683, which significantly expanded its territory in southeastern Europe through the wars of the decades to follow. This was also a turning point for the Croatian Kingdom because in the following wars Slavonia and Syrmia were finally liberated. Although they were marked as neoacquista and were not immediately returned to the jurisdiction of the Croatian Ban, estates, and Diet, the unification of Croatian lands under the Habsburg rule opened the way towards the renewal of Slavonian counties. By dividing the civil and military territory and jurisdiction, which was done during the renewal of the counties in 1745, an exclusively military territory was formed along the rivers Sava and Donau which, with the reorganization of the Slavonian Military Frontier in 1747, was divided into three grenzerinfantry regiments: Gradiška, Brodska, and Petrovaradinska. Considering that the grenzer infantry regiments were military-tactical and territorial-administrative units, they had complete authority over the land and its population. The Petrovaradin regiment was established in the Syrmia and encompassed the majority of its area under the military authority, which made it the easternmost of a total of 11 grenzer infantry regiments of the Croatian-Slavonia Military Frontier. Due to its dual nature, the Petrovaradin Regiment was, for the purpose of this dissertation, observed through the perspectives of active military stand and regiment territory as a specification of the military-tactical and territorial-administrative dimension with the aim of researching developmental characteristics, and specialties within the frontier system. Focal points are on the actions of military authorities and the recruitment system, the social structure and characteristics of grenzers, the relationship between military duties and possibilities, war campaigns, and military efficiency. Numerous reform attempts and the aspiration for the professionalization, difficulties in filling prescribed military units, major changes and inner differences, as well as war campaigns across Europe, marked the 18th century for the Petrovaradin regiment. To research the aforementioned phenomena, relevant literature for the 18th century was consulted, as well as primary archival material which bring detailed serial military sources in the form of monthly reports, muster rolls, and revisional, transfer, ascend etc. lists. By emphasizing a single grenzer infantry regiment it is attempted to encompass a wholesome approach on a median military border level and make a contribution to the research of the Slavonian Military Frontier