Epoxidized natural rubber-toughened polypropylene/organically modified montmorillonite nanocomposites

The objective of this study is to toughen organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT)- filled polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites with epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). PP, ENR (10–20 wt%), OMMT (6 wt%) and maleated PP (PP-g-MA; 10 wt%) were melt blended using counterrotating twin extruder, followed by injection molding to prepare test samples. X-ray diffraction results revealed that the OMMT platelets in PP/OMMT nanocomposites were intercalated and the incorporation of ENR into the nanocomposites further increased the d-spacing of OMMT layers. The Fourier transform infrared spectra showed that the maleic anhydride group in PP-g-MA reacted in situ with the epoxy groups of ENR, which demonstrates the occurrence of grafting reaction. With slight decrease in stiffness and strength, the addition of 20 wt% ENR increased the impact strength of PP/ENR/OMMT nanocomposites by 521% compared to PP/OMMT nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the ENR particle size increased with increasing ENR contents in PP/ENR/OMMT nanocomposites. Differential scanning calorimetry results revealed that the presence of ENR and OMMT had slightly increased the crystallization temperature as well as the degree of crystallinity of PP. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the blending of ENR decreased the thermal stability of PP/OMMT nanocomposites