Diagnostic Criteria and Classification of Migraine

Migrena je primarna, funkcionalna, periodična, srednje jaka do jaka glavobolja koja neliječena traje između 4 do 72 sata. Često je praćena mučninom i/ili povraćanjem, fotofobijom i fonofobijom, a za nju je karakteristično pogoršanje simptoma tijekom fizičke aktivnosti. Epidemiološki podatci nedvojbeno pokazuju da je migrena česta bolest s prevalencijom oko 14 % u općoj populaciji. Važno je istaknuti da je broj dijagnosticiranih bolesnika često podcijenjen. Razlozi tomu mogu biti relativno rijetko pojavljivanje napadaja zbog kojih se oboljeli ne javlja liječniku obiteljske medicine ili neurologu, loše uzeta anamneza te druge dijagnostičke poteškoće. Također, neophodno je naglasiti znatan socioekonomski aspekt migrene. Migrena je velik trošak društvu u cjelini, uzimajući u obzir njezinu učestalost te činjenicu da znatan udio bolesnika s migrenom obično ne može normalno funkcionirati za vrijeme trajanja napadaja. Budući da se radi o bolesti u kojoj se dijagnoza postavlja na temelju detaljno uzete anamneze i kliničke slike, Međunarodno društvo za glavobolje objavilo je međunarodnu klasifikaciju glavobolja te ju revidiralo zadnji put 2018. Detaljno poznavanje te klasifikacije neophodno je za svakodnevnu kliničku praksu.Migraine is a primary, functional and recurrent moderate to severe headache which, when untreated, lasts 4-72 hours. It is often associated with nausea and/or vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia. The symptoms of migraine are characteristically aggravated by physical activity. Epidemiological data undoubtedly show that migraine is a common disease with a prevalence of around 14% in the general population. It is important to point out that the number of diagnosed patients is often underestimated. This might be due to the relatively rare occurrence of migraine attacks which do not prompt the patient to consult their family physician or a neurologist, inefficient past patient history taking or other diagnostic difficulties. Furthermore, it is necessary to emphasize the significant socioeconomic aspects of migraine. Migraine is a great burden to society as a whole, considering its frequency and the fact that a considerable portion of patients with migraine cannot function normally during an attack. Since migraine is a disease which is diagnosed based on taking a detailed patient history and clinical presentation, the International Headache Society published The International Classification of Headache Disorders, the latest edition of which dates from 2018. A detailed knowledge of this classification is essential for everyday clinical practice