Leonardo da Vinci's Contributions from a Design Perspective

[EN] The figure of Leonardo da Vinci has been extensively studied. In fact, the Leonardiana Library brings together tens of thousands of titles on Leonardo and his work. During the second half of the 20th century, various treaties were published focusing on Leonardo¿s activity as an engineer, and more recently, an increasing number of scientific articles that focus on certain aspects of the prolific work of the genius such as construction, mechanics, strength of materials, etc. have been published. This article analyses the main contributions of the Tuscan genius in the field of design focusing on his processes for generating new solutions, his developments regarding graphic representation techniques, his improvements in plotting and measuring instruments, and how some of his devices were implemented and continue to maintain their usefulness.Cerveró-Meliá, E.; Capuz-Rizo, SF.; Ferrer-Gisbert, P. (2020). Leonardo da Vinci's Contributions from a Design Perspective. Designs. 4(3):1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/designs403003812043Braha, D., & Maimon, O. (1997). The design process: properties, paradigms, and structure. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans, 27(2), 146-166. doi:10.1109/3468.554679Criteria for Accrediting Engineering Programs, 2019–2020 https://www.abet.org/accreditation/accreditation-criteria/criteria-for-accrediting-engineering-programs-2019-2020/#definitionsVeltman, K. H. (2008). Leonardo da Vinci: A Review. Leonardo, 41(4), 381-388. doi:10.1162/leon.2008.41.4.381Innocenzi, P. (2020). Leonardo and the Design of Machines. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 36-46. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41018-6_5Oliveira, A. R. E. (2019). The Mechanical Sciences in Leonardo da Vinci’s Work. Advances in Historical Studies, 08(05), 215-238. doi:10.4236/ahs.2019.85016Jaramillo, H. E. (2011). Un Análisis de la Resistencia de Materiales a partir de los Postulados de «Consideraciones y Demostraciones Matemáticas sobre dos Nuevas Ciencias» de Galileo Galilei. Lámpsakos, (5), 53. doi:10.21501/21454086.819Reciprocating machine for weight lifting (Argano), Codex Atlanticus f. 30 v, (1478–1480) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reproduction_of_page_from_notebook_of_Leonardo_da_Vinci_showing_a_geared_device_assembled_and_disassembled_LCCN2006681098.jpgModel at the Museum of Science and Technology of Milan https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Argano_sollevatore_pesi_Leonardo_Museo_scienza_e_tecnologia_Milano.jpgMap of the Val di Chiana, Royal Collection, RLW 12278, (1502–1504) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Val_di_Chiana.jpgReproduction of a compass designed by Leonardo https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Compas_Léonard_de_Vinci.JPGProportional or reduction compass. Forster Codex I f. 45 (1485) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reduction_Compass_Leonardo.jpgParabolic Compass. Codex Atlanticus f. 1093 r https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/0/03/20171027130237%21Leonardo_parabolic_compass.JPG.Detail of the Codex Atlanticus f. 5 r. Enlarged detail of the prospectograph being used by Leonardo https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Codice_Atlantico_-_Perspectograph.jpgStudy ot two odometers. Codex Atlanticus, f. 1b r https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Odomètre-Léonard.jpgOdometer model. Museo Nazionale della Scienza e della Tecnologia Leonardo da Vinci. (National Museum of Science and Technology of Milan) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Odometro_a_carriola_-_Museo_scienza_tecnologia_Milano_09908_01.jpgPugno, N. M. (2019). The commemoration of Leonardo da Vinci. Meccanica, 54(15), 2317-2324. doi:10.1007/s11012-019-01099-9Study for the mechanism of a manual lift (1495–1497), Madrid Codex I, f. 9 r https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ascenceur_à_manivelle-Léonard.jpgStudy of a piling machine. Codex Atlanticus, f 785, Ambrosian Library of Milan https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sonnette-Léonard.jpgModel of Leonardo’s pile machine, at the National Museum of Science and Technology of Milan https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Battipalo_-_Museo_scienza_tecnologia_Milano_00040_01.jpgDetail of a mechanical jack, Codex Atlanticus, f. 0998 r, Ambrosian Library of Milan https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cric-Léonard.jpgManuscript of the self-propelled vehicle, Codex Atlanticus, f. 812 r (1478-1480), Ambrosiana Library of Milan https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leonardo_da_vinci,_Automobile.jpgModel of the self-propelled vehicle, at the National Museum of Science and Technology of Milan https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carro_semovente_-_Museo_scienza_tecnologia_Milano_09082_02.jp