The Nature of Truth in Research Through Lenses of Three Modes –Theory, Practice, and Mixture of both with Innovations

This piece of work explored the nature of truth in research by narrating the development of knowledge through Mode 1 and mode 2 knowledge, including the recent discussion around mode 3 system. The impact of this on researchers was emphasised by mode 1 (theory) knowledge and mode 2 (practice) knowledge filling the theory-practice gap. Mode 3 system knowledge aimed to encompass both mode 1 and 2 but included innovation as part of the knowledge development. The work discussed research paradigm in relation to ontology (reality of the things we know/truth) and epistemology (knowledge/the way we know things) including axiological assumptions (value) and same related to the of research methodological interest of individual researchers