Métodos de Estimativas de Fluxo de Gases de Efeito Estufa e a Influência da Ação Humana na Redução da Capacidade de Remoção de CO2 na Floresta Amazônica

The Amazon Forest play an important rule to tropical climate of South America, particularly to the water vapor atmospheric recirculation and represent a potential strong carbon storage that if totally released, will contribute largely to the global warming. The entire region is over strong human pressure, through logging, forest conversion and others resources explorations. In this work, we present a way to study the amazon carbon fluxes using regular CO2 vertical atmospheric profiles with aircrafts with regional representability. By combining these measurements with the background measurements in Barbados and Ascension, the carbon flux for 20 % of the Amazon area can be estimated. There are two primary challenges in these CO2 measurements: precision and accuracy. The methodology developed to achieve both precision and accuracy is presented. The analyses of the differences in trend lines of the measurements bellow the Planetary Boundary Layer and the top of the profile show a change in the contribution over the study period, confirmed also by the analysis of the annual mean CO2 fluxes. The trend in the fluxes show a similar behavior to that observed in the trends of the land use change over the influenced area of SAN, mainly the conversion of forest to agriculture and livestock areas, highlighting the influence of human actions in the conversion of the East Amazon from a sink to a source of atmospheric CO2