Indirect Effects of 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Against Adult Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Rural Western Kenya
- Bigogo, Godfrey M.
- Audi, Allan
- Auko, Joshua
- Aol, George O.
- Ochieng, Benjamin J.
- Odiembo, Herine
- Odoyo, Arthur
- Widdowson, Marc-Alain
- Onyango, Clayton
- Borgdorff, Martien W.
- Feikin, Daniel R.
- Carvalho, Maria da Gloria
- Whitney, Cynthia G.
- Verani, Jennifer R.
DOIAbstract
BACKGROUND: Data on pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) indirect effects in low-income countries with high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden are limited. We examined adult pneumococcal pneumonia incidence before and after PCV introduction in Kenya in 2011. METHODS: From 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2016, we conducted surveillance for acute respiratory infection (ARI) among ~12 000 adults (≥18 years) in western Kenya, where HIV prevalence is ~17%. ARI cases (cough or difficulty breathing or chest pain, plus temperature ≥38.0°C or oxygen saturation <90%) presenting to a clinic underwent blood culture and pneumococcal urine antigen testing (UAT). We calculated ARI incidence and adjusted for healthcare seeking. The proportion of ARI c...
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